Chapter 13: Time and Dates
Section 13.1: Telling Time
In Esperanto, telling time is relatively straightforward. To express the time, you typically use the 24-hour clock system. Here are some essential phrases and examples for telling time in Esperanto:
- Estas la [hour]. - It is [hour].
- Estas la dek unu. - It is eleven o'clock.
- Horloĝo montras [hour] [minute]. - The clock shows [hour] [minute].
- Horloĝo montras la kvinon post la dek dua. - The clock shows five past twelve.
- La tempo estas [hour] [minute]. - The time is [hour] [minute].
- La tempo estas la tri kvardek kvin. - The time is 3:45.
- Matene - in the morning
- Tage - during the day
- Vespere - in the evening
- Nokte - at night
Examples:
- Estas la naŭa matene. - It is nine in the morning.
- Horloĝo montras kvaronon post la dek du. - The clock shows a quarter past twelve.
- La tempo estas kvin dek tri. - The time is 5:53.
- Li venos vespere. - He will come in the evening.
Section 13.2: Days of the Week, Months, and Seasons
Days of the Week (Dias de la semano):
- lundo - Monday
- mardo - Tuesday
- merkredo - Wednesday
- ĵaŭdo - Thursday
- vendredo - Friday
- sabato - Saturday
- dimanĉo - Sunday
Months (Monatoj):
- januaro - January
- februaro - February
- marto - March
- aprilo - April
- majo - May
- junio - June
- julio - July
- aŭgusto - August
- septembro - September
- oktobro - October
- novembro - November
- decembro - December
Seasons (Sezonoj):
- printempo - spring
- somero - summer
- aŭtuno - autumn/fall
- vintro - winter
Section 13.3: Talking about Dates and Events
When talking about dates and events in Esperanto, you can use the following format:
- La [day] de [month] [year]. - [Day] of [month] [year].
- La tria de marto, 2023. - March 3, 2023.
- En [month]. - In [month].
- En januaro, ni festas novan jaron. - In January, we celebrate the new year.
- Dum [season]. - During [season].
- Dum somero, ni ofte iras al la plaĝo. - During the summer, we often go to the beach.
- Ĉiutage - Daily
- Li faras sporton ĉiutage. - He does sports daily.
- La venonta semajno - Next week
- La venonta semajno ni havos ferion. - Next week, we will have a vacation.
- Nun - Now
- Nun estas la plej bona tempo por agi. - Now is the best time to act.
Understanding how to express time and dates in Esperanto is essential for daily communication and scheduling events. Practice using these phrases to discuss specific moments and important occasions in your conversations.